The Green Climate Fund (GCF), which will distribute climate finance to developing countries, has appointed Ajay Mathur as director ahead of the UN climate conference in Doha.
Mathur was until recently director general of the Indian government’s Bureau of Energy Efficiency, where he set up a host of programmes over the past six years, including market-based mechanisms, specialised funds, and a system of tradable certified energy savings.
He will head the interim secretariat until a permanent secretariat is created – expected before the end of 2013 – with its own executive director.
The GCF was launched at the last round of UN climate-treaty talks in Durban, South Africa, to help channel the promised $100 billion per year by 2020 to developing countries to support climate change mitigation and adaptation activities.
After months of delay, it was agreed in October that the GCF should be based in Songdo, South Korea, and the proposal was endorsed at Doha afterward. The GCF headquarter building completed in Songdo, an economic free zone of Incheon is now ready to welcome the staff and the guests from all of the world whole heartedly.
Thursday, January 31, 2013
US Congress Launches Bicameral Climate Change Task Force
(The following article is cited from 'Carbon Finance'.)
The US Congress has launched a task force to address climate change, but doubts remain that politicians will agree on comprehensive legislation to help address the issue.
Following President Barack Obama’s strong statement about the threat of climate change last week, Congressman Henry Waxman (D-California) and Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-Rhode Island) have formed a bicameral Task Force on Climate Change.
“We intend this new group to bring the attention and energy to the issue necessary to get something done,” Whitehouse said.
Waxman and Whitehouse will co-chair the task force, which will focus on climate change and developing effective policy responses.
“Congress and the public need to understand that climate change impacts are turning out worse than expected and our window to act is closing,” Waxman said. “This threat is not waiting until we are ready to deal with it.”
The task force will seek relevant information and release periodic reports, memoranda and correspondence to advance its goals.
“First and foremost, I hope they will elevate the issue even more than it otherwise would be,” said Nathan Willcox, federal global warming programme director for Environment America. “Global warming is not discussed as often as it should be.”
Waxman was the co-sponsor of the comprehensive climate legislation – including a cap-and-trade programme to reduce carbon emissions – that barely passed the House of Representatives in 2009, and failed to gain traction in the Senate.
“Sure, it's a sign of how far expectations have fallen since Waxman's last major foray into climate change legislation,” said Cara Horowitz, Andrew Sabin Family Foundation executive director at the Emmett Center on Climate Change and the Environment at UCLA.
“But nevertheless, it's nice to see the phrases ‘urgency,’ ‘carbon pollution,’ and ‘havoc’ coming from Congress, along with any political acknowledgment of what scientists have been telling us – that our window to act is closing,” she said. “So let's take it and push.”
The chances of passing comprehensive climate legislation in the near term are “pretty slim,” but the legislators could consider smaller pieces of legislation that could promote clean energy such as the production tax credit for renewable energy, Willcox said.
“At this point unfortunately, we do not have the votes to pass [broad] climate legislation,” he said. “I hope that will change before too much longer.”
Through executive action, Obama can lay out specific steps that federal agencies will take to ensure the US meets its pledge made at the UN climate talks in 2009 in Copenhagen to reduce its emissions by 17% by 2020 from 2005 levels, according to a letter the legislators sent to the president on Thursday.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can set emissions standards and the Department of Energy can set tighter energy efficiency standards, the legislators said.
“EPA both legally and logically has an obligation to set emissions limits on power plants,” Willcox said. “I do expect the administration to move ahead with standards for power plants.”
The need for executive action is highlighted by the fact that virtually all Republicans opposed comprehensive climate legislation and voted to strip the EPA of its regulatory authority in the last Congress, according to the letter.
“Progress in Congress may be so difficult or protracted that you should not hesitate to act,” the legislators said.
Movement by the EPA could encourage legislators who feel like it’s their job to address carbon emissions to advocate more forcefully for a legislative solution, Willcox said.
“Action by the administration will only help bring more support in Congress,” he said.
Gloria Gonzalez
The US Congress has launched a task force to address climate change, but doubts remain that politicians will agree on comprehensive legislation to help address the issue.
Following President Barack Obama’s strong statement about the threat of climate change last week, Congressman Henry Waxman (D-California) and Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-Rhode Island) have formed a bicameral Task Force on Climate Change.
“We intend this new group to bring the attention and energy to the issue necessary to get something done,” Whitehouse said.
Waxman and Whitehouse will co-chair the task force, which will focus on climate change and developing effective policy responses.
“Congress and the public need to understand that climate change impacts are turning out worse than expected and our window to act is closing,” Waxman said. “This threat is not waiting until we are ready to deal with it.”
The task force will seek relevant information and release periodic reports, memoranda and correspondence to advance its goals.
“First and foremost, I hope they will elevate the issue even more than it otherwise would be,” said Nathan Willcox, federal global warming programme director for Environment America. “Global warming is not discussed as often as it should be.”
Waxman was the co-sponsor of the comprehensive climate legislation – including a cap-and-trade programme to reduce carbon emissions – that barely passed the House of Representatives in 2009, and failed to gain traction in the Senate.
“Sure, it's a sign of how far expectations have fallen since Waxman's last major foray into climate change legislation,” said Cara Horowitz, Andrew Sabin Family Foundation executive director at the Emmett Center on Climate Change and the Environment at UCLA.
“But nevertheless, it's nice to see the phrases ‘urgency,’ ‘carbon pollution,’ and ‘havoc’ coming from Congress, along with any political acknowledgment of what scientists have been telling us – that our window to act is closing,” she said. “So let's take it and push.”
The chances of passing comprehensive climate legislation in the near term are “pretty slim,” but the legislators could consider smaller pieces of legislation that could promote clean energy such as the production tax credit for renewable energy, Willcox said.
“At this point unfortunately, we do not have the votes to pass [broad] climate legislation,” he said. “I hope that will change before too much longer.”
Through executive action, Obama can lay out specific steps that federal agencies will take to ensure the US meets its pledge made at the UN climate talks in 2009 in Copenhagen to reduce its emissions by 17% by 2020 from 2005 levels, according to a letter the legislators sent to the president on Thursday.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can set emissions standards and the Department of Energy can set tighter energy efficiency standards, the legislators said.
“EPA both legally and logically has an obligation to set emissions limits on power plants,” Willcox said. “I do expect the administration to move ahead with standards for power plants.”
The need for executive action is highlighted by the fact that virtually all Republicans opposed comprehensive climate legislation and voted to strip the EPA of its regulatory authority in the last Congress, according to the letter.
“Progress in Congress may be so difficult or protracted that you should not hesitate to act,” the legislators said.
Movement by the EPA could encourage legislators who feel like it’s their job to address carbon emissions to advocate more forcefully for a legislative solution, Willcox said.
“Action by the administration will only help bring more support in Congress,” he said.
Gloria Gonzalez
Saturday, January 19, 2013
The 8th Annuity for Chinese Patent Paid
On the 16th inst., the company has paid the 8th annuity and some additional surcharge, CHY3,060(USD 487.52 equivalent in the arbitration rate of the foreign exchange market of Korea as of that day) to the State Intellectual Property Office of P.R.China through CN-KnowHow Intellectual Property Agent Ltd. for the patent no. 200580049333.2 of producing method for non woven silk fabric.
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Monday, January 7, 2013
Nonwoven Silk Fabric by Needle Punching
The following is a remarkable article about the manufacture of nonwoven silk fabric in the way of needle punching that is one of the major production methods of nonwoven fabric with bonding with the adhesive. (Quoted from Fibre2fashion, World of Garment-Textile-Fashion)
Silk non-woven fabrics – a potential trend setter By: Shankar S. Kotrannavar, P.M. Damodhara Rao, T.H. Somashekar & G. Shreekanth
Abstract
The silk waste generated during conversion of cocoon to fabric, presently being used for
manufacture of yarns of spun silk, noil, throwster and carpet, besides hand spun, can be more
effectively utilized for development of silk Nonwoven fabrics for increased value addition and
diversified applications.
Introduction
Non-woven fabric is manufactured by putting small fibers together in the form of a sheet, and then binding them either with chemical, thermal or mechanical bonding to form a fabric. These fabrics are not strong unless reinforced by a backing and do not stretch. Non-woven materials are mainly produced from manmade fibers viz., rayon, polypropylene and polyesters and used in areas like hygiene (baby diapers, feminine hygiene and adult incontinence products, wipes, bandages and wound dressings); medical (isolation and surgical gowns, drapes, covers, scrub suits and caps); technical (wall coverings, electric insulation, insulation backing, circuit board reinforcement); filters (gasoline, oil, air, water, coffee, tea bags) and others (carpets, pillows, cushions, upholstery padding, consumer and medical facemasks).
In India, the non-woven industry is evolving. As the price of petro-based materials like polypropylene and polyester continues to be high, and eco-concern is increasing among the consumers, new technologies are emerging; natural fibers are being used, creating non-woven with attributes never seen before.
Silk non-woven
An attempt has been made to develop silk non-woven fabrics from silk reeling waste and hard waste
generated during twisting and weaving on shuttle-less looms. In the process of conversion of cocoon to fabric, about 4000 MT of silk waste of different forms is being generated, annually. At present, this waste is used for manufacture of spun silk yarn, noil yarn, throwster yarn and carpet yarn, besides hand spun yarn. This waste can be more effectively utilized for development of silk non-woven fabrics for diversified end uses. Also, the hard waste generated to the extent of 300 MT in silk twisting and weaving by 100% export oriented units (EOUs) is not being used for any value added purpose except in manufacture of coarser yarn for carpets. The same may effectively be utilized for development of non-woven silk fabrics.
Process and products
Preparation of the fibre: The hard waste was sorted and separated from other non-silk materials and cotton leno threads. The lengthier yarns were cut into the size of 3 to 4 inches.
Processing (Stripping of colour, degumming and bleaching): The waste was then treated with sodium
hydrosulphite (Hydrose) at 70-800C and pH of 9.5-10, for removal of dyes present in the waste. The waste was degummed with soap and soda for removal of sericin. Further, the material was bleached with Hydrogen peroxide.
Opening and carding: The material, with and without decolouring and bleaching, was processed separately in opening and carding machines. After carding, it was not possible to take out the opened fibre in the web form from carding machine due to smoother surface and absence of crimps in fibre. The web was converted into sliver form.
Web formation and needle punching: Needle punched nonwoven fabrics are created mechanically, orienting and interlocking the fibers of a spun bonded or carded web. This mechanical interlocking is achieved with thousands of barbed felting needles repeatedly passing into and out of the web.
The sliver collected from the carding machine were fed along with the polyester net fabric on one side, parallel to form sheet extending to full width (45 inch) in to the needle loom. The bonding of the sliver web was done by needle punching where thousands of oscillating needles penetrate the web in the vertical direction. The needles push and pull the fibres in vertical direction causing entanglement and create a stable web. The once punched web was fed again with another layer of slivers on opposite face and punched. The needle punching was done in two stages in two needle looms with different needle board of coarser (1500 needle) and finer (10000 needle) at a speed of 600 rpm and thus, forming non-woven fabric ranging from 100 to 400 gsm. The polyester net fabric in a sandwich or reinforced fashion in between the layers of silk web, holds it together and supports the entanglement of fibres.
Outcome
With this, a beginning has been made for the development of silk non-woven from silk reeling waste and hard silk waste generated during weaving on shuttle-less looms for value addition. The other wastes like pierced and cut cocoons are also being tried. The web formation by air laid method and bonding by chemical/needle punching is being attempted. Based on the end-uses, non-woven fabric of specific weight can be produced for various applications including technical and medical textiles. And, the possible end-use applications are rather unlimited and non-woven silk fabrics could be a potential input in the areas of inner lining for warm garments, head wears, ties, garments and blankets, carpets, furnishing and home apparels, automotive carpeting and insulation, wall coverings, handicrafts like wall paintings, wall hangings, wall coverings, gift tags, purse/wallets, table mats, matting for pictures, journal/book/album covers, greeting/invitation/business cards, lamp shades and many more. Perhaps, the imagination would be the limit.
Silk non-woven fabrics – a potential trend setter By: Shankar S. Kotrannavar, P.M. Damodhara Rao, T.H. Somashekar & G. Shreekanth
Abstract
The silk waste generated during conversion of cocoon to fabric, presently being used for
manufacture of yarns of spun silk, noil, throwster and carpet, besides hand spun, can be more
effectively utilized for development of silk Nonwoven fabrics for increased value addition and
diversified applications.
Introduction
Non-woven fabric is manufactured by putting small fibers together in the form of a sheet, and then binding them either with chemical, thermal or mechanical bonding to form a fabric. These fabrics are not strong unless reinforced by a backing and do not stretch. Non-woven materials are mainly produced from manmade fibers viz., rayon, polypropylene and polyesters and used in areas like hygiene (baby diapers, feminine hygiene and adult incontinence products, wipes, bandages and wound dressings); medical (isolation and surgical gowns, drapes, covers, scrub suits and caps); technical (wall coverings, electric insulation, insulation backing, circuit board reinforcement); filters (gasoline, oil, air, water, coffee, tea bags) and others (carpets, pillows, cushions, upholstery padding, consumer and medical facemasks).
In India, the non-woven industry is evolving. As the price of petro-based materials like polypropylene and polyester continues to be high, and eco-concern is increasing among the consumers, new technologies are emerging; natural fibers are being used, creating non-woven with attributes never seen before.
Silk non-woven
An attempt has been made to develop silk non-woven fabrics from silk reeling waste and hard waste
generated during twisting and weaving on shuttle-less looms. In the process of conversion of cocoon to fabric, about 4000 MT of silk waste of different forms is being generated, annually. At present, this waste is used for manufacture of spun silk yarn, noil yarn, throwster yarn and carpet yarn, besides hand spun yarn. This waste can be more effectively utilized for development of silk non-woven fabrics for diversified end uses. Also, the hard waste generated to the extent of 300 MT in silk twisting and weaving by 100% export oriented units (EOUs) is not being used for any value added purpose except in manufacture of coarser yarn for carpets. The same may effectively be utilized for development of non-woven silk fabrics.
Process and products
Preparation of the fibre: The hard waste was sorted and separated from other non-silk materials and cotton leno threads. The lengthier yarns were cut into the size of 3 to 4 inches.
Processing (Stripping of colour, degumming and bleaching): The waste was then treated with sodium
hydrosulphite (Hydrose) at 70-800C and pH of 9.5-10, for removal of dyes present in the waste. The waste was degummed with soap and soda for removal of sericin. Further, the material was bleached with Hydrogen peroxide.
Opening and carding: The material, with and without decolouring and bleaching, was processed separately in opening and carding machines. After carding, it was not possible to take out the opened fibre in the web form from carding machine due to smoother surface and absence of crimps in fibre. The web was converted into sliver form.
Web formation and needle punching: Needle punched nonwoven fabrics are created mechanically, orienting and interlocking the fibers of a spun bonded or carded web. This mechanical interlocking is achieved with thousands of barbed felting needles repeatedly passing into and out of the web.
The sliver collected from the carding machine were fed along with the polyester net fabric on one side, parallel to form sheet extending to full width (45 inch) in to the needle loom. The bonding of the sliver web was done by needle punching where thousands of oscillating needles penetrate the web in the vertical direction. The needles push and pull the fibres in vertical direction causing entanglement and create a stable web. The once punched web was fed again with another layer of slivers on opposite face and punched. The needle punching was done in two stages in two needle looms with different needle board of coarser (1500 needle) and finer (10000 needle) at a speed of 600 rpm and thus, forming non-woven fabric ranging from 100 to 400 gsm. The polyester net fabric in a sandwich or reinforced fashion in between the layers of silk web, holds it together and supports the entanglement of fibres.
Outcome
With this, a beginning has been made for the development of silk non-woven from silk reeling waste and hard silk waste generated during weaving on shuttle-less looms for value addition. The other wastes like pierced and cut cocoons are also being tried. The web formation by air laid method and bonding by chemical/needle punching is being attempted. Based on the end-uses, non-woven fabric of specific weight can be produced for various applications including technical and medical textiles. And, the possible end-use applications are rather unlimited and non-woven silk fabrics could be a potential input in the areas of inner lining for warm garments, head wears, ties, garments and blankets, carpets, furnishing and home apparels, automotive carpeting and insulation, wall coverings, handicrafts like wall paintings, wall hangings, wall coverings, gift tags, purse/wallets, table mats, matting for pictures, journal/book/album covers, greeting/invitation/business cards, lamp shades and many more. Perhaps, the imagination would be the limit.
Wednesday, January 2, 2013
Birth of Non Woven Silk Fabric
The nonwoven silk fabric is born.
For thousands years, the silk has been used only for the interwoven fabric from the shape of yarn, the raw of which is derived from the coccon, the home of the silk worm. The origin of the woven silk could be traced back even to the prehistroic era when a man or a woman might have picked a tussah cocoon up, dropped it into the hot water by an accident or on the purpose and found a clue melt down from it. Yea, the clue that was unwinding out of the whole coccon itself as one single line of some kilometer was indeed the prototype of the silk yarn the human kind had ever invented or encountered, more precisely put. As the track of the history of all the natural material yarn such as the cotton, the wool and the ramie one, the silk yarn was interwoven to make the fabric for the cloth.
Around the World War, surely after the chemical synthetic yarn was invented, nonwoven chemical fabric is known to have been developed from the speedy and cheaper demand for the war time expedient in U.K. Nonwoven fabric in literally costed less than the traditional woven one, since the dear process of weaving could be omitted or replaced by the less costly one of the needle punching or the bonding.
Afterwards, the chemical nonwoven has repeated the eye opening developments and prevailed in the world to the extent that nowadays, the nonwoven fabric stands solely for the chemical nonwoven fabric. Like the chemical synthetic fabric, it has greatly contributed to the clothing living of people with its affordability and accessibility from its cheapness and character of the democracy of mass production. However, these amazing products have aroused a serious problem to the environment of the earth with the non corruptibility(biodegradability in the professional term), contaminating the air, the soil and the ocean.
In such a crucial moment, one of the nature compatible nonwoven fabrics is in the advent and that is
the non woven silk, the bearer of which is The Non Woven Silk Fabric Co.
For thousands years, the silk has been used only for the interwoven fabric from the shape of yarn, the raw of which is derived from the coccon, the home of the silk worm. The origin of the woven silk could be traced back even to the prehistroic era when a man or a woman might have picked a tussah cocoon up, dropped it into the hot water by an accident or on the purpose and found a clue melt down from it. Yea, the clue that was unwinding out of the whole coccon itself as one single line of some kilometer was indeed the prototype of the silk yarn the human kind had ever invented or encountered, more precisely put. As the track of the history of all the natural material yarn such as the cotton, the wool and the ramie one, the silk yarn was interwoven to make the fabric for the cloth.
Around the World War, surely after the chemical synthetic yarn was invented, nonwoven chemical fabric is known to have been developed from the speedy and cheaper demand for the war time expedient in U.K. Nonwoven fabric in literally costed less than the traditional woven one, since the dear process of weaving could be omitted or replaced by the less costly one of the needle punching or the bonding.
Afterwards, the chemical nonwoven has repeated the eye opening developments and prevailed in the world to the extent that nowadays, the nonwoven fabric stands solely for the chemical nonwoven fabric. Like the chemical synthetic fabric, it has greatly contributed to the clothing living of people with its affordability and accessibility from its cheapness and character of the democracy of mass production. However, these amazing products have aroused a serious problem to the environment of the earth with the non corruptibility(biodegradability in the professional term), contaminating the air, the soil and the ocean.
In such a crucial moment, one of the nature compatible nonwoven fabrics is in the advent and that is
the non woven silk, the bearer of which is The Non Woven Silk Fabric Co.
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